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Philip K. Howard (born 1948) is an American lawyer and writer. Based in New York, Howard is a noted commentator on the effects of modern law and bureaucracy on human behavior and the workings of society. He is the Founder and Chair of Common Good, a nonpartisan, nonprofit legal reform coalition which is proposing a broad overhaul of American law and government. His new book, ''The Rule of Nobody'' (April 2014), has been endorsed by Governor Jeb Bush, Fareed Zakaria, Senator Alan Simpson, and Nobel laureate Edmund Phelps. Jon Stewart contributed to the book jacket, writing: “Philip K. Howard has always struck me as an eminently reasonable, articulate advocate for common sense solutions.” Positive reviews have appeared in numerous outlets, including the Huffington Post, ''Wall Street Journal'', Daily Beast, ''Boston Globe'', Bloomberg, and ''The Economist''. Howard is the author of ''The Death of Common Sense'' (1994), a bestseller which chronicles how overly detailed law has similar effects as central planning; ''The Collapse of the Common Good'' (2002), which describes how fear of litigation corrodes daily interaction; and ''Life Without Lawyers'' (2009), which proposes rebuilding reliable legal boundaries to define an open field of freedom where people are free to focus on accomplishing their goals, not protecting themselves from legal interference. Howard is a periodic contributor to the op-ed pages of the ''New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'', and the ''Wall Street Journal'', and serves as a correspondent for ''The Atlantic''.com. He also regularly speaks at universities, judicial conferences, think tanks, and other conferences, and has testified before both houses of the U.S. Congress. Howard has attracted broad support for his ideas. In September 2010, ''New York Times'' columnist David Brooks highlighted Howard’s work on “the responsibility deficit” and embraced his solution for a “great streamlining,” calling it “the crucial theme of the moment”.〔("The Responsibility Deficit" ), David Brooks, ''The New York Times'', 23 September 2010〕 Howard’s speech at the 2010 TED conference was praised by TED’s current CEO, Chris Anderson, as “stunning”〔(Chris Anderson (TEDchris) ), Twitter, 22 February 2010〕 and something that he wished “every member of Congress, every Supreme Court justice would see”.〔(Chris Anderson (TEDchris) ) Twitter, 22 February 2010〕 It has been viewed over 500,000 times. Former New Jersey Senator Bill Bradley praised Howard’s ''Life Without Lawyers'' as “a real wake-up call from one of America’s finest public minds,”〔Philip K. Howard, ''Life Without Lawyers: Liberating Americans from Too Much Law'', W. W. Norton, January 2009 (book jacket)〕 while ''Washington Post'' columnist George Will deemed it “2009’s most needed book on public affairs.”〔("Litigation Nation" ), George Will, ''Washington Post'', 11 January 2009〕 In November 2010, Howard was a guest on ''The Daily Show with Jon Stewart'', where he talked about starting a movement to streamline government and restore individual responsibility at every level of society.〔(Philip K. Howard interview ), ''The Daily Show with Jon Stewart'', 18 November 2010〕 He made follow-up appearances in May 2011〔(Philip K. Howard interview ), ''The Daily Show with Jon Stewart'', 2 May 2011〕 after the re-release of ''The Death of Common Sense'' and in June 2014〔(Philip K. Howard interview ), ''The Daily Show with Jon Stewart'', 9 June 2014〕 after the release of ''The Rule of Nobody''. Trial lawyers and consumer groups are Howard's most vocal critics. They have accused him of having a “deep disregard for public use of the justice system”〔(“The Truth About Philip Howard’s ‘Common Good’” ) p. 3, The Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights〕 and favoring corporate over consumer interests. He has also been accused of offering a vision of American society that is too narrow, as Dahlia Lithwick writes in her ''Newsweek'' review of ''Life Without Lawyers'': “… the one thing scarier than a bus full of lawyers is a bus without them.”〔(“Imagining Life Without Lawyers” ), Dahlia Lithwick, ''Newsweek'', 31 January 2009〕 Howard has worked closely with leaders of both major political parties in the United States. He wrote the introduction to Vice President Al Gore's ''Common Sense Government'', and has also advised a number of governors, including Democrats Lawton Chiles of Florida and Zell Miller of Georgia and Republicans Jeb Bush of Florida and Mitch Daniels of Indiana. He was also a special adviser on regulatory simplification to Securities and Exchange Commission Chair Arthur Levitt. Howard is a prominent civic leader in New York City, responsible for chairing the committee that installed the “Tribute in Light” memorial for victims of the September 11 attacks, and is Chair Emeritus of the Municipal Art Society. == Background == Howard grew up in eastern Kentucky, the son of a Presbyterian minister. He was a scholarship student at the Taft School, Yale College, and the University of Virginia Law School. His first policy job was at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, where he worked for three summers in the civil defense group, led by Nobel Laureate Eugene Wigner, and published a monograph on post-war economic recovery. Following law school, Howard worked at the law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell, where he was a principal associate in the ''Chris-Craft'' case before the Supreme Court and was also in Kodak’s antitrust cases. As a young lawyer, Howard also became active in civic affairs, chairing the Zoning Committee of Manhattan Community Board 6 in Midtown and leading a number of battles against developers such as Harry Helmsley. In 1983, Howard founded Howard, Darby & Levin (subsequently Howard, Smith & Levin). That firm merged with the Washington firm Covington & Burling in 1999, of which Howard became Vice-Chair. He remains a practicing senior counsel in Covington’s New York office. Howard became an officer and then Chairman of the Municipal Art Society of New York, which led the battle to save Grand Central Terminal. Among his other civic projects, Howard opposed the original tower at Columbus Circle, arguing that it would have cast a shadow across Central Park, championed new codes that would increase the signage and lights on Times Square, and built a coalition to persuade the Post Office to relinquish most of the Farley Building so that it can become a new Penn Station. As a citizen volunteer, Howard pushed to streamline federal OSHA rules on worker safety and worked with EPA Administrator Carol Browner to make environmental rules more flexible. Howard’s experience as a civic leader led him to explore why government seemed incapable of making sensible choices, even when officials wanted to. This led to writing ''The Death of Common Sense''. In 2001, a week after the 9/11 attacks, Howard was contacted by architect Richard Nash Gould who suggested that two spotlights be placed at the World Trade Center site. Along with David Rockefeller, Howard organized a committee of leading citizens to support and fund such a project. The “Tribute in Light” memorial went up on the six month anniversary of the attack. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philip K. Howard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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